Enhancement of Asynchronous MAC Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Monitoring Applications
Abstract
Up to now, many research works have been focusing on designs in MAC layer of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to target high throughput, low latency and solving the problem of idle listening. In this paper, an enhancement of Low-power asynchronous protocol for MAC layer, namely E-MAC, is proposed to target a long lifetime of sensor nodes working 6LoWPAN/IPv6 networks. Moreover, the E-MAC protocol is implemented on TI low-power platforms to verify the efficiency of the proposed design. Several parameters such as energy consumption, latency and packet delivery ratio are simulated and measured in a real monitoring test-bed to show the better performance in comparison with other popular MAC protocols.
Downloads
References
[1] CC2420 datasheet, available at https://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/cs150/Documents/CC2420.pdf, last access 09/2016.
[2] W. Ye, J. Heidemann, D. Estrin, Medium Access Control With Coordinated Adaptive Sleeping for Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Volume: 12, Issue: 3, Pages:493 - 506, June 2004
[3] T.V. Dam and K. Langendoen, An Adaptive Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol forWireless Sensor Networks. In the Proceedinfs of The First ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (Sensys03), Los Angeles, CA, USA, November, 2003.
[4] J. Polastre, J. Hill, and D. Culler, Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks. In the Proceedings of the Second ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, pages 95107, Nov 2004
[5] M. Buettner, G. Yee, E. Anderson, and R. Han. X-MAC: A Short Preamble MAC Protocol for Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks. In the Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, pp: 307320, 2006.
[6] A. El-Hoiydi and J. Decotignie. WiseMAC: an ultra low power MAC protocol for the downlink of infrastructure
wireless sensor networks. In the Proceedings of Ninth International Symposium on Computers and Communications ISCC 2004, 1:244251, June/July 2004.
[7] A. Dunkels, The ContikiMAC Radio Duty Cycling Protocol. SICS Technical Report T2011:13, ISSN 1100-3154 2011.
[8] V. Rajendran, K. Obraczka, J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, Energy Efficient, Collision-Free Medium Access Control forWireless Sensor Networks. In the Proceedings of ACM SenSys 03, pp:181 - 192, Los Angeles, California, 5-7 November 2003.
[9] L. Bao and J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, A New Approach To Channel Access Scheduling For Ad Hoc Networks. In the Proceedings of Seventh Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 210221, 2001.
[10] W. Ye, F. Silva, and J. Heidemann. Ultra-low duty cycle MAC with scheduled channel polling. In the Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, pp: 321334.
[11] I. Rhee, A. Warrier, M. Aia, and J. Min. Z-MAC: a hybrid MAC for wireless sensor networks. In the Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, pp: 90101.
[12] Y. Sun, et al., RI-MAC: A Receiver-Initiated Asynchronous Duty Cycle MAC Protocol for Dynamic Traffic Loads in Wireless Sensor Networks in Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (ACM SenSys), Raleigh, NC, USA, 2008.
[13] MSP430F5529 datasheet, available at http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/msp430f5527.pdf, last access 03/2015
[14] CC2500 datasheet, available at http://www.tij.co.jp/jp/lit/ds/swrs040c/swrs040c.pdf, last access 09/2016.
[15] CC2538 datasheet, available at http://www.ti.com/product/CC2538, last access 09/2016.
[16] S. Dawson-Haggerty, Y. Chen, C.-J.M.Liang, A. Terzis. Design and evaluation of a versatile and efficient receiverinitiated link layer for low-power wireless. In the Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, pp: 1-14, New York, USA, 2010.
[17] Cooja simulator, http://www.contiki-os.org, last access 10/2016.
[18] Thread Group: Thread Stack Fundamentals, July 2015, available at https://www.silabs.com/SiteDocs/white-papers/Thread-Stack-Fundamentals.pdf, last access 09/2016.
[19] A. Dunkels et al., Powertrace: Network-level power profiling for low-power wireless networks. Technical Report, 2011.
[20] Crossbow - TelosB Datasheet, available at http://www.willow.co.uk/TelosB Datasheet.pdf, last access in 10/2016.
[21] V.Q. Son, B.L. Wenning, A. Timm-Giel, C. Grg, WiSeCo-MaSys: a Tool for Data Collection and Management of Wireless Sensor Networks. In the Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communication (ATC2010), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, October 2010, 43-48.
[22] TinyOS, available at http://www.tiny-os.org, last access 10/2016.
[23] M. Matthew and V. Nitin, Minimizing energy consumption in sensor networks using a wakeup radio. In the Proceedings of The IEEE International Conference onWireless Communications and Networks (WCNC 2004), (Sweden), March 2004.
[24] K. Pister and L. Doherty. TSMP: Time Synchronized Mesh Protocol. In Proceedings of the IASTED International Symposium on Distributed Sensor Networks (DSN08), Orlando, Florida, USA, November, 2008.
[25] Prabal Dutta, Stephen Dawson-Haggerty, Yin Chen, Chieh-Jan Mike Liang, and Andreas Terzis. Design and Evaluation of a Versatile and Efcient ReceiverInitiated Link Layer for Low-Power Wireless. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (ACM SenSys), Zurich, Switzerland, November 2010.
